Sunday, October 06, 2013

The Sabbats Part I

Sabbats

“The Old Ways”

Samhain, Sahmhayn, Sowin, Sahvin
 (Oct 29/30 12M-Nov 1st 12 M)
Has many meanings. Among these, it marks
 the end of the third and final harvest, it is
 a day to commune with and remember
 the dead, and it is a celebration of the
 eternal cycle of reincarnation.
 It is also considered our New Year.
 There are two possible sources for
 the origin of the Samhain Sabbat’s
 name. One is from the Aryan G-d
 of Death, Samma, and the other
 is from the Irish Gaelic word
“samhraidhreadh,” which literally
 means “the summer’s end.”
Samhain marked the end of summer
 and the beginning of winter for
 the Celts, which the day after
 Samhain begin the official
 date of the Celtic New Year.
 The reason the Celts chose this
 point in time as their new year
 rather than Yule, when the rest
 of Western pagans celebrate it,
 was because the sun is at its
 lowest point on the horizon as measured
 by the ancient standing stones of
 Britain and Ireland.
In the European traditions, Samhain is the night
 when the old G-d dies, and the Crone
 Goddess mourns him deeply for the
 next six weeks. the popular image of her
 as the old Halloween hag menacingly
 stirring her cauldron comes from
 the Celtic belief that all the dead souls
 return to her cauldron of life, death,
 and rebirth to await reincarnation.
 The crone Goddess has been an object of fear
 and revulsion in modern societies, and this was
 definitely not the way our pagan ancestors
 viewed her, she was always revered as a
 woman of power whose vast stories of
 wisdom came with her great age and the
 life-long practice of her many skills.
Popular Contradiction
Samhain is popularly known today as
 halloween, a contraction of the word
“Hallowed Evening,” and it retains
 much of the original form and
 meaning it had long ago in Celtic
 lands, despite the efforts of the
 Church to turn it into an observance
 of feasting and prayer for their vast
 pantheon of saints. the Church began
 by calling it Michaelmas, the feast day
 of St. Michael, but the old Samhain holiday
 proved to be too potent a drawing card for
 one lone saint to combat. So it was renamed
 the Eve of All Saints, or All Hallows Eve,
 which precedes All Saint’s Day, and is
 still one of the holiest days in Catholicism.
Samhain is not, and never was, associated
 with evil or negativity. It has always been
 a time to reaffirm our belief in the oneness
 of all spirits, and in our firm resolution
 that physical death is not the final
 act of existence. The idea that evil
 spirits walk the earth at Samhain is a
 misinterpretation of the pagan belief
 that the veil of consciousness which
 separates the land of the living from
 the land of the dead at it thinnest
 on this night.
Food
Food and drink is prepared
 and served….
On Samhain night it is still custom in Ireland to
 place candles in the windows and leave plates
 of food for the visited spirits as well as
 the Goddess. It was this custom of
 leaving out food which evolved into our
 modern trick or treat.
 Candy should be
 a part of this celebration may have
 come from a long forgotten pagan
 observance of wishing the dead
 a sweet return to life in their next
 incarnation.  There are bonfires called
 balefires in paganism, were once
 lighted on every hilltop in Britain and
 Ireland as soon as the sun set on October 30.
 The fires serve the purpose of containing
 the energy of the dead g-d, lighting
 the dark night, warding off evil, ushering...
Unfinished.
Yule:
 The Winter Solstice
 (Dec 21/22)
 Is a time for mixed emotions for pagans. All
 around us we see evidence of the Christmas
 celebration, a religious holiday not a part
 of our traditions, but one which we know
 takes its form and meaning from
 ancient pagan practices. Virgin births,
 decorated trees, festive lights, feasting,
 wreaths, bells, and fragrant fires, were
 - and still are – at the heart of pagan
 Midwinter observances. When the Wheel
 of the Year brings us to Yule, the G-d (who
 died at Samhain) is reborn of the Virgin
 Goddess. the G-d is represented by the
 sun which “returns” after this darkest night
 of the year to again bring warmth and fertility
 to the land.The profusion of lights on houses
 and trees at Christmas is a modern version
 of the pagan custom of lighting candles and
 fires as acts of sympathetic magick to lure back
 the waning sun.  In Ireland and Norway it is still
 custom to leave lights burning all through the house
 on Yule night to not only lure back the sun, but also
 to honor the Virgin Goddess who gives him birth.
The word “virgin” is mistranslated and misrepresented
 by the early church enough to make even people today
 forget that the term had absolutely nothing to do
 with the hymen. The term “virgin” was first
 applied to priestesses in Mediterranean temples,
 particularly during Rome’s pagan period.
 the term identified a woman who was a
 complete entity unto herself, who was
 not bound by secular law, had no husband,
 and was free to take all the lovers she chose.
 She needed nothing else and no one else for
 completeness. In other words she was said to be
“intact” -a virgin. Some anthropologists believe Yule
 was first celebrated as a religious festival 12,000 years ago,
 and some claim it dates many millennia earlier.
In Norse tradition, Yule is a twelve-night-long
 celebration, a concept which probably came
 from the pagan Near East where it eventually
 became incorporated into the Christian myths.
The first Eve of Yule (the night before
 the Solstice) is called Mother Night, and is
 a night when Norse pagans sit up and await
 the rising and rebirth of their Sun Goddess,
 Freya.  It is also a night for spirit contact
 and celebration with one’s ancestors in
 much the same manner as the Celts
 observe Samhain. The Norse Goddess,
 Holde, guardian of the spirit world, opens her
 doors at yule to all sincere seekers. The
 final night of observance, called
“Twelfth Night,” became for a while a sort
 of ninth Sabbat on the Norse pagan calendar.
 The popular winter song “Twelve Days of Christmas”
no doubt has its roots in the blending of Norse
 and Celtic Yule customs.
In ancient Egypt, the Winter Solstice was not
 only a time to celebrate the rebirth of
 their Sun G-d, Ra, but to
 commemorate the creation of the universe
 as well.
The Wheel of the Year is often symbolized
 by the wreath. There is ample
 archaeological evidence to support
 the fact that wreaths have been used in
 this symbolic way for more than
 4,000 years. Its circle has no beginning
 and no end, thus illustrating that the
 Wheel of the Year is also like this, with
 everything in its time coming back to its
 point of origin and traveling onward,
 over and over again. The wreaths came to
 be used at Christmas through the influence
 of Scandinavian pagans who hung them at Yule
 (their New Year’s Eve) to commemorate a new
 beginning of the ever-moving cycle of life.
The Native Americans of the Southwest
 called Yule “Soyalanwul,” which
 means “to bring new life to the world.”
They aided the Sun’s birth with a birthing ritual
 which consisted of having one person, masked
 as the Sun G-d, crawling between the legs of the tribe’s women.
The Druids decorated evergreen trees at Yule
 with all the images of the things
 they wished the waxing year to hold for them.
In the Scandinavian traditions Yule trees
 and other greenery were brought inside,
 not only for the reasons previously mentioned,
 but also because they had wanted to provide
 a warm and festive winter’s resting
 place for the tree elementals who inhabited
 their woodlands.
The Yule log, another ancient symbol
 of the season, came to us from the
 Celtics. The logs, a phallic symbol,
 is usually cut from the G-d-related
 oak tree and carved into a small
 section which can be easily brought into
 a dwelling to be placed on a table or alter.
 Originally these logs, made of oak,
 were brought into homes with much
 dancing and ceremony before being
 lit in fireplaces. Later they became
 smaller alter relics sporting three
 holes, one each to represent the
 Triple Goddess.  These holes were
 bored into the top, and the log
 was “impregnated” with three candles.
 Sometimes the candles were all
 virgin white, or G-d red. Most
 often they were the Goddess’
triple-aspect colors of white, red, and black.
 The entire log was then decoratively
 covered with holly, mistletoe, and evergreens to
 represent the intertwining of the G-d and
 Goddess who are reunited on this Sabbat.
Foods, especially ones traditional to
 the Yule Sabbat, were of central
 importance at this holiday.
Music is another important part
 of Yule, and Christmas carols
 are yet another idea taken
 from paganism.
“Carols” are from an Old
 French word meaning “joyous songs,”
and were also the name of
 round dances celebrating the
 rebirth of the Frankish
 pagan g-ds.
 The English Christmas Carol
“Deck the Halls with Boughts of Holly”
contains no Christian religion image.
 In this carol, we sing of decorating
 with holly, singing Yuletide carols,
 dancing (“merry measure”), and
 the telling of pagan myths (“Yuletide treasure”).
Another example of such a song
 is the Old French carol
“I Saw Three Ships Come Sailing In.”
the third verse contains the line,
“Three pretty girls were in them in….”
which clearly is a reference to the
 return of the Triple Goddess after
 her crone-age and period of mourning.
Imbolg/Embowlg/Imbolic/Oimelic
 (Feb 2)
Was not originally a Sabbat as we think
 of one today, but a special day set
 aside to honor the Goddess who
 was slowly turning the Wheel
 of the Year back to spring. Winter
 was a harsh season for our pagan
 ancestors, one during which many
 died of disease and malnutrition.
 Therefore, it is not surprising that
 most of the customs surrounding this
 Sabbat are designed as acts of
 sympathetic magick to lure
 back the sun, and speed up the
 coming of the balmy warm of
 spring. In Ireland where much of
 our lore originates, this was a
 holy day for honoring the
 Great Mother Goddess, Brigid,
 in her guise as the waiting
 bride of the youthful Sun
 G-d who was now returning to
 her.
(Unfinished).
Ēstra/Ostara
The Spring Equinox
(March 21)
Ēostre/Ostara was the name of the
 Virgin Goddess of Spring
 in ancient Germany. It is for her
 that this Sabbat is named.
 Ostara was a Sabbat of great
 importance in Greece, Rome,
 and in Nordic and Germanic lands,
 and it is from these traditions
 that the vast majority
 of out current Ostara customs
 come. Many of the equinox
 myths from these cultures
 concern trips by deities into
 the underworld, and their struggle
 to return from the Land of the
 Dead to earth. When they eventually
 do return to the world of the living,
 they have a new life, both
 literally and figuratively, and
 this idea if new life renewed
 plays heavily on the symbolism
 of the holiday. Some of these
 resurrected deities include Odin,
 Attis, Osiris, Dagda, Mithras,
 Orpheus, Hear, and Persephone.In keeping with the Church's
 early practice of grafting saintly
 feast says onto any pagan festival
 they  could not eradicate, it
 assigned St. Patrick his feast
 day near the time of the equinox.
 After being repeatedly being
 driven out of Ireland, Patrick's
 reformed procession was said to
 have arrived at Tara, the sea
 of government, to present
 his new faith to the High King
 on Easter Sunday.
 Easter itself falls near Ostara, and
 celebrates yet another resurrected
 deity.
At Ostara, the Teutons honored
 their Goddess of Spring, Eostre
 for whom the Christian holiday
 of Easter is named with feasting
 and a ritual. the Norse also
 honored their Virgin Goddess
 and celebrated her maiting
 with the young G-d, an
 event most pagan circles have
 moved to Beltaine. Sexual
 relations were almost obligatory
 on Ostara Eve, as was a communal
 meal featuring foods associated with
 fertility such as cake, honey, and eggs.
The Greco-roman tradition would celebrate
 Ceres, their Grain Goddess, from Ostara
 until first harvest. she was believed
 to go from field to field at the equinox,
 blessing the newly-sown crops.
 Ostara rituals in these traditions seek
 to urge her special blessing on their
 freshly-tilled lands. The lily, appropriated
 as a Christian symbol of death, was a
 symbol of life in pagan Greece and Rome,
 where it adorned Ostara alters and
 temples.  You men, playing the role
 of the lusty young G-d, would present
 them to the young women they were
 courting. Accepting the lily meant much
 the same thing as accepting a diamond ring
 does now.
 In celtic lands the Ostara Sabbat was virtually
 overlooked until the Norse invaders brought
 it into the prominence and it became
 another cherished festival. In Celtic
 Cornwall and Wales, Ostara was
 renamed "Lady Day," and was
 the time of the official return of the
 young Goddess after her winter
 hibernation. On this day of balance,
 they believed she was able to meet
 her youthful G-d on equal terms,
 mate with him, and become
 impregnated with not only the
 G-d who will be reborn at Yule, but
 with the autumn harvest as well.
 It was also the customary day for
 farms to change hands even if
 the purchase had been made months before.
In England the youthful deities are honored
 as the Lord of the Greenwood, a version of
 the Horned G-d, and the Greek Goddess,
 a fertile young virgin/mother.
 Other celebrations of pagan deities that
 took place at or near Ostara were
 the Fest of Isis, the Feast of Cybele,
 Aphrodite Day, and Hilaria. All
 these deities are still worshiped
 by pagans today; their holidays and
 customs are well-incorporated
 into the modern Ostara celebration.
 In Salvic pagan traditions this was believed
 to be a day when death had no power
 over the living. In their tradition, a
 personification of Death is
 symbolically killed by throwing him
 into moving water to drown. Flowers,
 symbols of life re-newed, are tossed
 in after Himand he is sung to as he floats
 down river. People who died on Ostara
 were thought to be favored by the
 deities, and would be accorded princely
 treatment until the time they reincarnated.
 After Death's drowning, brightly-painted red eggs
 were passed around during a procession to the
 ritual site, where the new life of
 spring was celebrated with food, dance
 and strong drink.
The idea of wearing new clothes at Easter
 and other spring festivals also came from
 earlier Teutonic pagan traditions. It was
 considered the worst of luck to wear one's
 prong clothing before Ostara, and the
 Teutons would work through the
 winter in secret to prepare elegant
 finery for the Sabbat celebration.
 The lamb is another symbol of the Ostara,
 and was sacred to virtually all
 the virgin goddesses of Europe, the
 Middle East, and north Africa. This
 symbol was so ingrained in the
 mindset of the people of that region
 that it was carried over into the spring
 religious rituals of the Jewish Passover
 and Christian Easter.
The Egg As New Life
The most pervasive symbol of Ostara is,
 without a doubt, the egg. Since
 antiquity, eggs, the universal arch type
 of new life, have been held in
 reverence as sacred objects of
 eternal life, carried as fertility amulets,
 decorated to honor the deities, placed on
 spring altars, and given as cherished
 spring gifts. The modern belief that these
 eggs are delivered by a rabbit
 knows as the Easter Bunny, comes
 from the legend of the Goddess Eostre.
 So much did a lowly rabbit wish to please
 this Goddess that he laid the sacred eggs in
 her honor, gaily decorated them, and then
 humbly presented them to her. So
 honoring her wishes, the rabbit
 went through all the world and
 distributed these little decorated
 gifts of life. Many pagans like to use natural
 dyes that come from flowers and
 herbs for te eggs, rather than relying
 on the commercially-packed kits.
 To get the natural dyes, boil a large handful of
 an herb or flower until the water is
 well colored. Place the water in a heat-resistant
 glass cup, mug, or other non-metal container.
 Stir in a teaspoon of vinegar and a
 pinch of salt, then place a hard boiled
 egg gently into the mixture. Getting the
 color to "take" requires a good bit longer
 than with the commercial dye kits.
 but most pagans feel it is worth the
 effort to have this connection with the
 old ways. However, the dyes do tend to be
 less stable, so protect the eggs from
 being scratched.
Cascarone
In Mexico and the American southwest,
 there is a beautiful Easter custom,
 also pagan in origin, revolving around
 cascarones.
 Carcersones (cahs-cah-roe-nays)
 are eggshells that have been
 carefully hollowed out, painted,
 filled, and then resealed with tape.
 Traditional fillings for them include
 perfume, confetti, lavender and sage-all
 pagan symbols of spring. The
 cascarones are taken out on
 Easter morning, when the object
 is to catch your loved ones
 by surprise and hit them over the head
 with an egg. As the insides rain
 around you, you are blessed
 with the love, luck, and
 new life of the season.

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